Parasitic fly spotted in honeybees, causes workers to abandon colonies

A worrying tale, if it proves out. And a horrendous fate for infected bees…which frankly has ZOMBIE written all over it.

There are many possible causes of this “colony collapse disorder” (CCD). These include various viruses, a single-celled parasite called Nosema apis, a dramatically named mite called Varroa destructor, exposure to pesticides, or a combination of all of the above. Any or all of these factors could explain why the bees die, but why do the workers abandon the hive?

Andrew Core from San Francisco State University has a possible answer, and a new suspect for CCD. He has shown that a parasitic fly, usually known for attacking bumblebees, also targets honeybees. The fly, Apocephalus borealis, lays up to a dozen eggs in bee workers. Its grubs eventually eat the bees from the inside-out. And the infected workers, for whatever reason, abandon their hives to die.

There are hundreds of species of Apocephalus flies, and they’re best known for decapitating ants from the inside. The larvae, laid within an ant, migrate to the head and devour the tissue inside. The brainless ant wanders aimlessly for weeks, before the larvae release an enzyme that dissolves the connection between the ant’s head and body. The head falls off, and adult flies emerge from it.

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Parasitic fly spotted in honeybees, causes workers to abandon colonies.

Mirrored from Kristine Smith.

Montana High Court Says ‘Citizens United’ Does Not Apply In Big Sky State | | AlterNet

I don’t usually read stories about legal decisions, and seldom if ever read the decisions themselves. But the Montana Supreme Court’s decision to uphold state law regulating how corporations can raise and spend money on campaigns in spite of the US Supreme Court’s Citizens United ruling is rather enjoyable. Even the dissenting opinion is a scorcher:

“While I recognize that this doctrine is firmly entrenched in law,” Nelson began, “I find the concept entirely offensive. Corporations are artificial creatures of law. As such, they should enjoy only those powers—not constitutional rights, but legislatively-conferred powers—that are concomitant with their legitimate function, that being limited liability investment vehicles for business. Corporations are not persons. Human beings are persons, and it is an affront to the inviolable dignity of our species that courts have created a legal fiction which forces people—human beings—to share fundamental natural rights with soulless creations of government. Worse still, while corporations and human beings share many of the same rights under the law, they clearly are not bound equally to the same codes of good conduct, decency, and morality, and they are not held equally accountable for their sins. Indeed, it is truly ironic that the death penalty and hell are reserved only to natural persons.”

Montana High Court Says 'Citizens United' Does Not Apply In Big Sky State | | AlterNet.

Mirrored from Kristine Smith.